Informality, Social Citizenship, and Wellbeing among Migrant Workers in Costa Rica in the Context of COVID-19.

Costa Rica is home to 557,000 migrants, whose disproportionate exposure to precarious, dangerous, and informal work has resulted in persistent inequities in health and wellbeing in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. We used a novel multimodal grounded approach synthesizing documentary film, experiential education, and academic research to explore socioecological wellbeing among Nicaraguan migrant workers in Costa Rica. Participants pointed to the COVID-19 pandemic as exacerbating the underlying conditions of vulnerability, such as precarity and informality, dangerous working conditions, social and systemic discrimination, and additional burdens faced by women. However, the narrative that emerged most consistently in shaping migrants' experience of marginalization were challenges in obtaining documentation-both in the form of legal residency and health insurance coverage. Our results demonstrate that, in spite of Costa Rica's acclaimed social welfare policies, migrant workers continue to face exclusion due to administrative, social, and financial barriers. These findings paint a rich picture of how multiple intersections of precarious, informal, and dangerous working conditions; social and systemic discrimination; gendered occupational challenges; and access to legal residency and health insurance coverage combine to prevent the full achievement of a shared minimum standard of social and economic security for migrant workers in Costa Rica.

Incidencias en la formación de competencias ciudadanas a través del taller de diseño en la Facultad de Artes Integradas de la Universidad de San Buenaventura, Medellín (Colombia) / Incidences on the Formation of Citizenship Competences through the Design Workshop at Faculty of Integrated Arts of San Buenaventura University, Medellin, Colombia

Resumen Las estrategias de educación en Colombia se generan en los escenarios de la vida cotidiana en los que el ciudadano interactúa con la economía, la política y la cultura del país. El objetivo de la investigación se centro en analizar las incidencias de la formación de arquitectos y diseñadores en la facultad de artes integradas de la Universidad de San Buenaventura, frente a las competencias ciudadanas. El enfoque metodológico se desarrolla desde una perspectiva mixta, en tanto construye y usa datos cualitativos derivados de entrevistas a los estudiantes y docentes de los talleres, contrastados con la información oficial sobre los resultados de las pruebas saber pro y las evaluaciones de las prácticas profesionales. El análisis evidenció que existe un aislamiento en el desarrollo de los ejercicios proyectuales de las realidades del contexto económico, político y social en la formación disciplinar, por la falta de enlaces temáticos entre las asignaturas al interior de los programas. Por esto, se llega a la conclusión que la facultad debe crear estrategias que promuevan la formación de profesionales para el trabajo en equipos interdisciplinarios que interactúen de forma directa con la comunidad.

Abstract Education strategies in Colombia are generated in the scenarios of everyday life in which the citizen interacts with the economy, politics, and culture of the country. The objective of the research focused on analyzing the incidence of the training of architects and designers at Faculty of Integrated Arts of Saint Bonaventure University in relation to citizenship competencies. The methodological approach is developed from a mixed perspective, as it builds and uses qualitative data derived from interviews with students and teachers of the workshops, contrasted with official information on the results of the Saber Pro tests and the evaluations of internships. The analysis showed that there is an isolation in the development of project exercises from the realities of the economic, political, and social contexts in the disciplinary training, due to the lack of thematic links between the subjects within the programs. Therefore, it is concluded that the faculty should create strategies, which promote the training of professionals to work in interdisciplinary teams, which interact directly with the community.

[Survival in acute renal failure with conventional therapy or continuous replacement therapy]. / Supervivencia en insuficiencia renal aguda tratada en forma convencional o con reemplazo continuo.

OBJECTIVE: To know the survival rate in patients with RIFLE I and II stages on acute renal failure, treated with supportive care or continuous renal replacement therapy with PRISMA machine, at an intensive care unit. METHODS: There were included patients of both sexes, aged 16 to 69 years, with acute renal failure in RIFLE I and II stages and score of scale APACHE II lower than 36 points. The sample studied was divided in two groups: a group was treated with supportive care, and the other group received continuous renal replacement therapy via PRISMA machine. We compared mortality between both groups and the association with the RIFLE stages with Pearson's chi-squared test. RESULTS: The average score of the scale APACHE I was 14 points, and the probability of death was 15 %. The patients with acute renal failure RIFLE I were 54.5 % and RIFLE II 45.5 %, with mortality of 30.4 % and 38.8 %, respectively. Patients in RIFLE I stage who received supportive care and continuous replacement therapy had non-statistical differences in mortality (p = 0.356). The mortality in patients with acute renal failure in RIFLE II stage treated with continuous replacement therapy was higher (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Because of its accessibility and lower mortality, supportive care should be the initial procedure in patients with acute renal failure in RIFLE I and II stages.

OBJETIVO: conocer la supervivencia en pacientes con insuficiencia renal aguda estadios RIFLE I y II que recibieron terapia convencional, en comparación con los que recibieron terapia de reemplazo renal continuo (TRRC) mediante equipo PRISMA, en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. MÉTODOS: se incluyeron pacientes de uno u otro sexo, con edad entre 16 y 69 años, insuficiencia renal aguda en estadios RIFLE I y II y puntuación en la escala APACHE II inferior a 36 puntos. Un grupo recibió terapia convencional y otro, TRRC con equipo PRISMA. Se comparó la frecuencia de la mortalidad en ambos grupos con chi cuadrada de Pearson. La asociación con el estadio RIFLE se obtuvo mediante la razón de momios. RESULTADOS: la puntuación promedio en la escala APACHE II fue de 14 puntos, que establece una probabilidad pronóstica de mortalidad de 15 %. Los pacientes con insuficiencia renal aguda estadio RIFLE I representaron 54.5 % y aquellos con estadio RIFLE II, 45.5 %; la mortalidad en esos grupos fue de 30.4 y 38.8 %, respectivamente. No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el estadio RIFLE I al comparar la mortalidad según el tipo de tratamiento (p = 0.356). La mortalidad fue mayor en los pacientes en estadio RIFLE II que recibieron TRRC (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONES: por su accesibilidad y menor mortalidad, el manejo convencional debe seguir siendo el tratamiento inicial de elección en los pacientes con insuficiencia renal aguda en estadios RIFLE I y II.